Buyer and seller enter into a business contract. The seller wants a Letter of Credit to guarantee payment.
Buyer applies to his Bank (Issuing Bank) for a LC in favour of the seller.
Buyer’s bank approves the buyer’s credit risk, issues and forwards the LC to the seller’s bank (Advising bank), usually located in the same geography as the seller.
Seller’s bank will authenticate the LC and advise the LC to the seller.
Seller ships the goods, and prepares documentary requirements (invoices, bill of lading, insurance certificate etc) in line with the terms and conditions of the LC.
Seller presents required documents to his bank to check and forward the same to the LC issuing bank for payment.
Seller’s bank examines the documents for compliance with LC terms and conditions.
If the documents are correct, the seller’s bank will forward the ‘compliant documents’ to the LC issuing bank and claim the funds under the LC.
Buyer’s bank examines documents within 5 banking days and if compliant, makes the payment/acceptance of payment on the due date.
The buyer’s account will be debited on payment date as per terms mentioned in the LC (sight/usance).
The buyer takes the delivery of the goods.